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The Timeline details the series
of events in the hours before, and immediately after, the
lynching of three young black men — Elias Clayton, Elmer
Jackson, and Isaac McGhie — at the hands of an angry
mob in downtown Duluth on June 15, 1920.
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Advertisement in
The Duluth Herald, June 10, 1920 |

June 14, 8:00 p.m. —
Irene Tusken arrives at circus, meets Sullivan
there
On a warm June evening, Irene
Tusken arrives at the John Robinson Circus, meeting
her friend James Sullivan. The circus, in Duluth
for a one-day stop, is typical of its day —
acrobats, tightrope walkers, and performing elephants
and camels underneath colorful circus tents. Held
at a park just off of a major streetcar route,
the circus is a convenient location for Tusken
and Sullivan to meet. |
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Visitors walking the circus
grounds. |
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June 14, 9:45 p.m. —
Circus Grounds - 39th Avenue & Third Street
Irene Tusken and James Sullivan
walk to the rear of the main circus tent and watch
as black laborers, employed by the circus, pack
up equipment and tear down tents preparing for
the circus to depart. What happens next remains
unknown, but Tusken and Sullivan both later claim
that six young black circus workers forced the
couple to a deserted location and raped Tusken
while Sullivan was held at gunpoint. It would
later prove to be an unlikely story. Compelling
evidence asserted no rape ever took place. |
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Missabe ore docks,
Duluth.
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June 15, 2:00 a.m. —
Duluth, Missabe and Northern Ore Docks South of
Downtown
After taking a roundabout and
unhurried walk from the streetcar stop, Irene
Tusken arrives at her house. She goes up to bed
that evening without mentioning anything to her
parents. At midnight, James Sullivan, a night
worker at the Duluth, Missabe and Northern Ore
Docks, reports for work. At 2:00 A.M., more than
four hours after the alleged incident, he tells
his father, a superintendent at the ore docks,
the story of the rape. Around 3:00 A.M. Duluth
Police Chief John Murphy receives a phone call
from Sullivan's father reporting the allegation.
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Chief of Police John Murphy. |

June 15, 4:30 a.m. —
Duluth, Winnipeg & Pacific Rail yard - Northwest
of corner of Raleigh and 68th Avenue W., West
Duluth
Immediately after receiving
the phone call, Police Chief Murphy orders the
John Robinson Circus not to leave Duluth. Packed
and ready for the next stop on the tour, the circus
trains are stopped at the Duluth, Winnipeg &
Pacific Railyard just before leaving town. Assisted
by approximately fifteen fellow officers, Chief
Murphy apprehends thirteen blacks from the train
cars and questions them. Seven are released; six
are arrested. |
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The Duluth police station
and city jail. |

June 15, 7:00 a.m. —
Duluth Jail - East end of block bounded by 1st
& 2nd Avenues East, Michigan & Superior
Streets
The six arrested blacks, including
Elias Clayton, Elmer Jackson, and Isaac McGhie,
are taken to the Duluth city jail, located inside
the police station on the corner of Second Avenue
and Superior Street. The jailed suspects are further
questioned about their knowledge of the alleged
rape. |
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Dr. David Graham, Tusken
family physician. |

June 15, 10:00 a.m. —
Tusken Residence - 4836 West Sixth Street
Dr. David Graham, a family
physician, examines Irene Tusken at her parents'
home in West Duluth. Though rumors would later
circulate that she was dead or dying, Dr. Graham's
examination shows she is in good physical condition
with no evidence of rape or assault. No other
physical evidence of an attack is available, for
Irene's clothes from the night before have already
been washed. |
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Headline in The Duluth
Herald, June 15, 1920. |

June 15, 5:00 p.m. —
Duluth Jail - East end of block bounded by 1st
& 2nd Avenues East, Michigan & Superior
Streets
News of the alleged rape proliferates
rapidly amoung Duluthians. Rumors and hearsay
are spread by word of mouth and a front-page article
in the evening paper, The Duluth Herald,
proclaims “West Duluth Girl Victim of Six
Negroes.” An irate crowd begins to gather
outside the city jail. |
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View of a delivery truck. |

June 15, 7:30 p.m. —
Along Superior Street between 7th Avenue West
& 3rd Street East
A truck owned and driven by
Louis Dondino cruises Superior Street. The back
of the truck is filled with men encouraging people
to lynch the prisoners. The men are wielding a
thirty-foot rope and hollering, “Come on
and join the necktie party!” “Come
on boys, let’s get ‘em!” Several
hitch a ride in back or follow on foot. The drive
ends outside the city jail, and the men jump off
to join the growing crowd. |
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Photograph of the
mob gathered outside the city jail. |

June 15, 8:40 p.m. —
Duluth Jail - East end of block bounded by 1st
& 2nd Avenues East, Michigan & Superior
Streets
The crowd of rioters and curious
onlookers, including women and children, grows
to an estimated 1,000 to 10,000 persons. With
shouts of “Lynch him!” and “Remember
the girl!” the mob storms the jail. They
meet little resistance from the shorthanded and
disorganized police. Having been ordered by Commissioner
William F. Murnian not to fire their guns, the
police attempt to control the crowd with blasts
of water from firehoses. One of the hoses is soon
stolen by the mob and turned on the police. |
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Cellblock in the Duluth
police station damaged by the mob. |

June 15, 9:30 p.m. —
Duluth Jail - East end of block bounded by 1st
& 2nd Avenues East, Michigan & Superior
Streets
Wielding bricks, rails, and
heavy timbers, the mob forces its way inside the
jail, first through the garage and then through
the front entrance, tearing down doors and breaking
windows. After destroying the cell door locks,
they extract all six blacks from their cells.
Three of the six men — Elias Clayton, Elmer
Jackson, and Isaac McGhie — are pronounced
guilty by the mob in a mock trial held inside
the jail. |
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Photograph of the
victims shortly after they had been beaten and hanged
by the mob. |

June 15, 11:30 p.m. —
Corner of First Street and Second Avenue East
The mob drags Clayton, Jackson,
and McGhie one block to a tall lamppost on the
corner of First Street and Second Avenue East.
Over the yelling and commotion, Reverend William
Powers, pastor at Sacred Heart Cathedral, pleads,
“The crime committed is most horrible, but
men, you do not know these Negroes are the guilty
men. I appeal to you to allow the law to take
its course. In the name of God and the church
I represent I ask you to stop.” His plea
is ignored. The three men are brutally beaten
and hanged from the lamppost: first Isaac McGhie,
then Elmer Jackson, and last, Elias Clayton.
After the violent deaths, rioters
and onlookers crowd together to pose with the
bodies for a photograph later distributed as a
postcard. |
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Minnesota National
Guard on Inspection. |

June 16, 7:30 a.m. —
St. Louis County Jail - Third Street & 6th
Avenue East
On the morning after the lynchings,
the Minnesota National Guard under the command
of Adjutant General W.F. Rhinow, arrives to secure
Duluth and protect the three surviving black prisoners.
These prisoners, along with ten additional black
suspects from the circus, are moved under heavy
guard to the St. Louis County jail. Though the
city’s streets are now calm, not everyone
feels safe. Black residents stay inside and lock
their doors, fearful of further violence. Tensions
remain high during the months of trials that follow.
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